jueves, 20 de agosto de 2020

 

Conditionals


What are conditionals in English grammar? Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.

Conditionals Infographic

Download my infographic!

There are four main kinds of conditionals:

  • The Zero Conditional:
    (if + present simple, ... present simple)
    If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

  • The First Conditional:
    (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
    If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.

  • The Second Conditional:
    (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
    If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

  • The Third Conditional
    (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
    If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.

(Notice we can put 'if' at the beginning, or in the middle. It doesn't matter at all.)

martes, 14 de julio de 2020

TERCER PERIODO

HILO CONDUCTOR 

How can we express and identify the present and past perfect and the difference between zero contidional and first conditional.

TOPICO GENERATIVO

*Present and past perfect  

*Just, yet and already

*Relative clauses

*Offering and inviting (Would)

*Zero and First conditional

META ESPECIFICA

The student will understand sentences to express and identify the present and past perfect and the difference between zero conditional and first conditional. 

lunes, 8 de junio de 2020

Second Term, Second Strike



Future Tense with “Going To” – What is Sara going to do?

1.      Below is Sara’s schedule for next week. Read it and then answer the questions that follow in complete sentences.

Sara’s Schedule

Time
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Morning

doctor’s appointment

meet with boss

return library books

attend conference

go to gym

clean apartment

visit grandmother


Afternoon

buy groceries for the week


go to gym


go to gym

attend conference

buy food for party

cook, prepare for party

take nephew to the zoo


Evening

movie with Dave

do work reports

dinner with girlfriends


do the ironing

dinner with parents


party


relax at home

She’s going to visit her grandmother.

 
1.  When is Sara going to see the doctor?

2.  How many times is Sara going to go to the gym next week?

3.  When is Sara going to have a party?

4.  Who is Sara going to see a movie with?

5.  When is Sara going to have dinner with her parents?

6.  What is Sara going to do on Saturday before her party?

7.  What is Sara going to do during the day on Thursday?

8.  How many times is Sara going to be at the grocery store next week?



Future Tense with “Going To” – Discussing Future Plans


2.      Choose the correct word from the list below to complete the following sentences. Use the correct form of the future tense with “going to”.

 hang / wear / practice / get / ask / visit / write clean / study / exchange / quit / take / give / fix 
ex. My brother sent me a letter last week.  I’m going to write him back

Tomorrow.
1.      My house is very dirty. I                                       it tomorrow.

2.      Miriam is going to a party next Saturday. She                                   her new red dress.

3.      Robert bought a new painting at the art show. He                                     it over the sofa in his living room.

4.      The hockey championship is next month. The boys                                  every night next week.

5.      Jack hates his job. He                                       next week.

6.      We have a math exam in three days. We                                                                         very hard for the next few days.

7.      It’s very cold and rainy outside now. I                                         a nice, hot bath as soon as I get home from this soccer game.

8.      Ellie has a hair appointment for this afternoon. She                                   her hair cut and colored.

9.      I had a flat tire on my car yesterday. My husband                                             it later today.

10.       It’s our parents’ anniversary tomorrow. We                                                    them a gift certificate to a beautiful new restaurant.

11.      Sue got a sweater from her mother-in-law for her birthday. It didn’t fit, so she                                     it for a larger size.

12.       Sam just got his driver’s license. He                                   his father to let him borrow the car next weekend.

13.       Their grandmother is in the hospital. They                                   her next weekend.


Future Tense with “Going To” – Future Plans


3.      Read the following sentences and add another one using “going to” and your own ideas.


Ex. She has a bad toothache.        
She’s going to call the dentist.
or    She’s going to take an aspirin.

1.   He doesn’t understand the meaning of that word.


2.   She wants to see the new movie but doesn’t know what time it starts.


3.   Bill wants to change jobs.


4.   Grandma feels very tired.


5.   Carla is baking a cake and just ran out of sugar.


6.   Howard needs to mail a package.


7.   Rhonda and Murray are thinking about taking a holiday but don’t know where to go.


8.   Someone stole our car last night.


9.   Margaret gained ten pounds in the past month.





Future Tense with “Going To” – Making Predictions


What’s Going to Happen?

4.      Directions: Match the sentences on the left with the words on the right. Then write the complete sentences below using the future tense.


    D    1. I didn’t study for the test.                                                       A. take the next plane
           2. He’s driving too fast.                                                              B. have a backache
           3. Frank always eats too much.                                                  C. rain
           4. He forgot to return his books to the library.                           D. fail
           5. There are large black clouds in the sky.                                    E. call a service station
           6. Mr. and Mrs. Manning missed their flight.                            F. get a stomachache
           7. Phillip has a fever.                                                                     G. sink
           8. Ellen and Bob are buying a lot of food and wine.                 H. have an accident
           9. Marie is lifting very heavy boxes.                                         I. take an aspirin
           10. The boat is full of water.                                                         J. break her leg
           11. John just ate four big hamburgers.                                       K. have a party
           12. Kristin is a terrible skier.                                                         L. get fat
           13. Her car broke down.                                                            M. have to pay a fine

1. I didn’t study for the test. I’m going to fail.      

2.                                                                                                                                                 

3.                                                                                                                                                           

4.                                                                                                                                                           

5.                                                                                                                                                           

6.                                                                                                                                                           

7.                                                                                                                                                           

8.                                                                                                                                                           

9.                                                                                                                                                           

10.                                                                                                                                                         

11.                                                                                                                                                                 

12.                                                                                                                                                         

13.                                                                                                                                                         


Future Tense with “Will”


5. Note: We use “will” for future actions when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. (Do not use “will” to express future plans that have already been made at the time of speaking.)


ex. It’s very hot in here.                                            I’m going to travel to Europe next summer.
Okay. I’ll open the window.                               (plan has already been made)

Complete the following sentences with will (I’ll) and the correct verb from the list below. call / have / water / walk / mail / go

1.  Would you like tea or coffee?
                                 tea, please.

2.  Would you like a ride home?
No thanks. It’s a beautiful today. I think                                     home.

3.  We’re out of milk and I need some for the children.
Okay.                                   to the store and get some.


4.  I just finished writing my brother a letter. Are you going to the post office now?
No, I’m not.                                    

5.  These flowers look very dry.
it for you in the morning.
Okay.                                     them in a few minutes.

6.  Ken phoned while you were out.

Okay.                                       him back after I finish my lunch.

We often use “will” for future predictions when we use the word probably”.


6. For each of the situations below, predict something that will probably happen or something that will probably not happen.

Ex. Bob is going to take his driver’s test tomorrow. He didn’t practice.
   He’ll probably fail.    or           He probably won’t pass.

1.          It’s raining. George doesn’t have an umbrella.                                                                                  

2.     Andy has a very bad cold.                                                                                                                     
3.      Nora didn’t sleep well last night.                                                                                                          
4.      Phil loves movies. There is a new movie playing at the theater tonight.                                           
5.          Jan ate too much dessert last night and now she has a stomachache.                                                 



Future – “Going To” and “Will” – Yes/No and Information Questions

7.  Practice making questions and giving short answers in the future tense.


Ex. Are you going to buy a new car?
Yes, I am . (I’m going to buy a new car.)

1.                                                                                                                       
                    ,                           (I’m not going to call him back this afternoon.) 
2.                                                                                                 
                                                           (They won’t be at school tomorrow.) 

3.                                                                                           
                                                              (They are going to play soccer next week.) 

4.                                                                                                        
                                                              (We’re going to visit our aunt next summer.)

5.                                                                                                                                            
                                                                   (He is going to graduate next spring.)

8.         Use the correct question word (who, what, how old, where, why,) and the future tense to make infor- mation questions. The underlined words are the answers to the questions.


1.                                                                                                                                        She is going to wear her new blue dress to the party.
2.                                                                                                                                         He’ll be 21 on his next birthday.
3.   WHY ARE YOU GOING TO TAKE YOUR UMBRELLA                                      I’m going to take my umbrella because it looks like it’s going to rain.
4.                                                                                                                                         They’re going to meet on the corner.
5.                                                                                                                                         The boss is going to be at the meeting.


Future Tense – “Going To” Vs. “Will”


Review the different uses of “going to” and “will” below before completing the exercise that follows.



Going to
Will
future facts
He’s going to be 50 next spring
future facts
He’ll be 50 next spring.

predictions
We’re going to miss the bus
predictions
We’ll miss the bus if we don’t hurry.



predictions when there is something in the present that indicates what will happen in the future
Look at the sky. There’s going to be a storm.

often used with the following words: probably, I think, I don’t think, I’m sure, maybe

He’ll probably stay home tonight. I think I’ll go to bed early.
I don’t think I’ll go to the movie. I’m sure I’ll like his new girlfriend. What are you going to do next year?
I’m not sure. Maybe I’ll take a trip.


preconceived plans, arrangements

He needs some tools. He’s going to fix the car.
used when we decide to do something at the time of speaking

Would you like tea or coffee? I’ll have tea, please.

used for offers, requests, promises I’ll help you carry those heavy bags. Will you please lock the door?
I promise I’ll call when we get there.

agreeing or refusing to do something
I’m mad at Bob. I won’t help him.

8.          Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct form of “going to” or “will” with the verb provided. Be prepared to explain the reason for your choice. (Remember that sometimes you can use ei- ther “going to” or “will”.)

1.      Sam feels sick. He                           (stay) home from work tomorrow.
2.      I                                 (finish) my homework later tonight.
3.      I left my wallet at home. That’s okay. I                         (lend) you some money.
4.      The sky is very dark. It                               (rain).
5.      What time                   he                              (meet) you tomorrow?
6.      Frank                                   (take) a two week holiday next year.
7.      That box looks very heavy. I                                (help) you carry it.
8.      I bought some paint because I                                   (paint) my apartment.
9.      He                             (wear) a black tuxedo to the wedding. What                      you                                   (wear)?
10.       Why did you take the sugar out of the cupboard? I                                 (bake) a cake.
11.      They took money out of the bank because they                                 (buy) a new TV for their daughter.
12.       It’s very hot in here. I                                         (open) the window for you.

13.       The weatherman says it                                 (be) a beautiful day tomorrow. I think I                            the beach.
14.      Your car engine doesn’t sound very good. It sounds like it                                   (die).
15.       We probably                                     (not/go) to the party next week.
16.       “Can I please talk to the manager?”

(go) to

“He                                     (be) with you in a moment.”
17.       The plane                                 (arrive) on time.
18.       The Andersons went to the travel agent yesterday. They                         (buy) their tickets tomorrow.
19.       We                                                       (see) that new movie tonight. Do you want to come with us?
20.      Allan                                   (get) up early tomorrow so he can go fishing.
21.       I                               (help) you with your work tomorrow.
22.       “Do you have any holiday plans?”
“Yes. We                                                       (take) a Mediterranean cruise.”
23.       “Ronnie can’t drive me to the airport.”
“That’s okay. I                                   (take) you.
24.       I don’t think I                                 (be) able to come to your party.


Future Time in Time Clauses


Reminder: You must use the simple present tense in a future time clause. Time clauses begin with words such as before, after, when, as soon as, until.

Ex. I’m going to eat before I leave for work.    Before I leave for work, I’m going to eat.
future tense                              present tense                                 present tense                   future tense

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb provided. Underline the time clause.



1.      I’m going to eat lunch at 12:30. After I                             (eat) lunch, I                           (take) a nap.

2.     As soon as it                               (stop) raining, I                               (walk) to the store.

3.      I                               (lend) you this book as soon as I                               (finish) it.

4.     As soon as the chairman                               (arrive), everyone                       (sit) down.

5.      When the class                           (be) over, Marilyn                             (go) shopping.

6.      They                               (visit) many museums when they                      (go) to Europe.

7.      I                                 (finish) this letter before I                             (buy) stamps.

8.     After they                             (do) their homework, they                               (watch) TV.

9.      She                                 (take) a hot bath as soon as she                             (get) home.

10.       I                             (pay) you back the money I borrowed as soon as I                         (get) my paycheck.

11.      He                                       (stay) home until he                                (feel) better.

12.       We                                       (have) the birthday cake when we                                 (finish) dinner.

13.      As soon as she                             (come), we                           (eat) dinner.

14.       She                                     iron the clothes after she                            (wash) them.

15.       I                                 (love) you until I                              (die).

16.       I                               (apply for) a new passport before I                              (buy) a ticket.


Future Tense Review – Find Someone Who……


Interview your classmates. Walk around the class and find someone ….


1.  who is going to visit a friend tonight.



2.  who is going to walk home from school today.



3.  who isn’t going to watch TV tonight.



4.  who will probably leave the city this weekend.



5.  who is going to get a hair cut this week.



6.  who will have a birthday next month.



7.  who thinks it’ll be a nice day tomorrow.



8.  who is going to buy a present for someone this week.                   



9.  who is going to buy groceries after school today.                          


 10.  is going to have something to eat as soon as the class finishes.